PSYC 102 TEST-4
Question 1-9：
Question 10-19：
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Question 20-27：
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Question 28-39：
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Question 40-51：
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Question 52-66：
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Question 28
The ________ model suggests that people with a predisposition for a disorder are more likely to develop the disorder when faced with adverse environmental or psychological events.
- A. Biomedical
- B. Cognitive-behavioral
- C. Diathesis-stress
- D. Humanistic
Answer:
C. Diathesis-stress
Brief Explanations:
The diathesis-stress model combines biological predispositions (diathesis) with external stressors, explaining how these factors interact to trigger disorders.
Extended Knowledge:
Diathesis-Stress Model in Mental Health
This model is widely used to understand conditions like depression, schizophrenia, and PTSD.
Practical Implications
Prevention focuses on reducing stressors and managing genetic vulnerabilities to lower the risk of disorder development.
Question 29
Schizophrenia is considered a _______ disorder.
- A. Mood
- B. Anxiety
- C. Psychotic
- D. Dissociative
Answer:
C. Psychotic
Brief Explanations:
Schizophrenia is a psychotic disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking, and impairments in reality perception.
Extended Knowledge:
Psychotic Disorders Overview
These disorders involve a disconnect from reality, significantly impacting thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.
Schizophrenia Treatments
Antipsychotic medications, psychotherapy, and social support are key in managing symptoms.
Question 30
Dr. Griffiths diagnosed Manuel with major depressive disorder because he ________.
- A. Refuses to leave his room due to anxiety over what might happen during the day.
- B. Appears tearful to others and spends weeks at a time feeling sad, empty, and hopeless.
- C. Hates being outside the home alone.
- D. Exhibits three separate personalities, each distinct from the other.
Answer:
B. Appears tearful to others and spends weeks at a time feeling sad, empty, and hopeless.
Brief Explanations:
Manuel’s persistent sadness, emptiness, and hopelessness, lasting for weeks, are classic symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD).
Extended Knowledge:
Symptoms of MDD
Includes prolonged sadness, loss of interest in activities, fatigue, and cognitive difficulties.
Effective Treatments
Therapy, medication, and lifestyle changes like exercise and mindfulness can alleviate symptoms.
Question 31
________ delusions involve the (false) belief that other people or agencies are plotting to harm the person.
- A. Grandiose
- B. Paranoid
- C. Somatic
- D. Erotomanic
Answer:
B. Paranoid
Brief Explanations:
Paranoid delusions are false beliefs that others intend to cause harm, often seen in psychotic disorders like schizophrenia.
Extended Knowledge:
Types of Delusions
- Grandiose: Belief in having extraordinary powers or importance.
- Paranoid: Suspicion of harm or conspiracy.
Treatment
Antipsychotic medications and cognitive therapy can help manage delusions. Here are the next set of questions formatted accordingly:
Question 32
Apollonia was diagnosed with major depressive disorder five years ago. She knows her mother took medicine to combat depression, and she worries her daughter will experience depression too. Why?
- A. Depression is contagious through emotional interactions.
- B. Depression has been shown to have a strong genetic and biological basis.
- C. Depression is linked to shared stressful experiences within families.
- D. Depression spreads through shared environmental stressors.
Answer:
B. Depression has been shown to have a strong genetic and biological basis.
Brief Explanations:
Research shows that depression often has a genetic component, with family history increasing the likelihood of its occurrence across generations.
Extended Knowledge:
Biological Basis of Depression
Depression is influenced by genetic predispositions, neurotransmitter imbalances, and brain function abnormalities.
Environmental Interaction
While genetics play a significant role, environmental stressors can trigger or exacerbate depressive episodes.
Question 33
What symptom of schizophrenia is illustrated by the following example?: "So bees with knees have fleas and fleas jump, I jump like a jack, Jack the Giant Killer. Giants kill and transform things and something happened, but we can't hear because our eyes are like flies that flew away."
- A. Hallucination
- B. Paranoia
- C. Disorganized thinking
- D. Negative symptoms
Answer:
C. Disorganized thinking
Brief Explanations:
Disorganized thinking is characterized by incoherent, illogical speech or associations, as illustrated by the nonsensical connections in this example.
Extended Knowledge:
Disorganized Thinking in Schizophrenia
A core symptom involving fragmented, tangential, or nonsensical speech patterns.
Other Symptoms of Schizophrenia
Positive symptoms like hallucinations and delusions, as well as negative symptoms like reduced emotional expression.
Question 34
Identify the compulsion in the following example: Demarco can't stop thinking about his book collection, which includes hundreds of first editions. He wants it to be in a particular order. He spends hours every day organizing his books alphabetically by author, then by color, then by size.
- A. Organizing the books
- B. Thinking about the collection
- C. Collecting books
- D. Worrying about their order
Answer:
A. Organizing the books
Brief Explanations:
A compulsion is a repetitive action performed to relieve anxiety caused by obsessive thoughts, such as Demarco’s persistent organizing behavior.
Extended Knowledge:
Obsessions vs. Compulsions
- Obsessions: Intrusive thoughts causing distress.
- Compulsions: Actions taken to reduce the distress, often repetitive and time-consuming.
Treatment for OCD
CBT and exposure-response prevention therapy are effective in managing compulsions.
Question 35
The belief that you ________ is an example of a delusion.
- A. Do not love your parents
- B. Will be arrested for committing a crime
- C. Can quit smoking
- D. Can perform miracles
Answer:
D. Can perform miracles
Brief Explanations:
Delusions are fixed, false beliefs not grounded in reality, such as believing in extraordinary powers like performing miracles.
Extended Knowledge:
Types of Delusions
- Grandiose Delusions: Belief in exceptional abilities or importance.
- Paranoid Delusions: Belief that others are plotting harm.
Disorders Involving Delusions
Common in psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia or delusional disorder.
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Question 36
Nathan has an overinflated and unjustified sense of self-importance. He is preoccupied with fantasies of success and believes that he is entitled to special treatment from others. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Nathan's personality?
- A. Borderline personality disorder
- B. Narcissistic personality disorder
- C. Histrionic personality disorder
- D. Schizotypal personality disorder
Answer:
B. Narcissistic personality disorder
Brief Explanations:
Narcissistic personality disorder is characterized by an inflated sense of self-importance, entitlement, and preoccupation with success or admiration.
Extended Knowledge:
Traits of Narcissistic Personality Disorder
- Grandiosity and lack of empathy.
- Sensitivity to criticism despite outward confidence.
Treatment Approaches
Psychotherapy is the primary treatment, focusing on developing empathy and realistic self-perceptions.
Question 37
Due to Dominique's obsessive-compulsive disorder, she may ________.
- A. Wash her hands every 10 minutes throughout the day
- B. Refuse to leave her house under any circumstances
- C. Experience frequent panic attacks
- D. Become convinced others are conspiring against her
Answer:
A. Wash her hands every 10 minutes throughout the day
Brief Explanations:
OCD often involves compulsions like excessive hand washing, performed to alleviate distress caused by obsessive thoughts (e.g., fear of contamination).
Extended Knowledge:
Common OCD Symptoms
- Obsessions: Fear of germs, symmetry, or safety.
- Compulsions: Actions like hand washing, counting, or checking locks.
Managing OCD
Exposure and response prevention therapy (ERP) and medications like SSRIs are effective treatments.
Question 38
________ disorders are characterized by excessive, persistent fear and apprehension and by related disturbances in behavior.
- A. Mood
- B. Anxiety
- C. Dissociative
- D. Psychotic
Answer:
B. Anxiety
Brief Explanations:
Anxiety disorders involve excessive and persistent fear or worry, which interferes with daily activities and is often accompanied by behavioral disturbances.
Extended Knowledge:
Types of Anxiety Disorders
Includes generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder, social anxiety, and specific phobias.
Common Treatments
CBT and anti-anxiety medications like benzodiazepines or SSRIs are commonly used.
Question 39
Which of the following is an example of flight of ideas?
- A. Gilbert experiences delusions.
- B. Gilbert exhibits an abundance of energy during his debate session.
- C. Gilbert talks loudly and quickly, switching topics rapidly.
- D. Gilbert speaks in a monotone voice.
Answer:
C. Gilbert talks loudly and quickly, switching topics rapidly.
Brief Explanations:
Flight of ideas is a symptom of mania, characterized by rapid speech and abrupt topic changes, often making the conversation difficult to follow.
Extended Knowledge:
Flight of Ideas in Bipolar Disorder
A common symptom during manic episodes, indicating hyperactive thought processes.
Other Symptoms of Mania
Elevated mood, impulsivity, decreased need for sleep, and grandiosity.